Configuring dual connectivity maximum transmit power

ABSTRACT

A method is performed by a wireless device. The method comprises determining a first configured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax 1 ) for transmitting in a first radio access technology (RAT). The P_cmax 1  is determined based on one or more transmissions of the first RAT. The method further comprises determining a second configured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax 2 ) for transmitting in a second RAT. The P_cmax 2  is determined based on transmissions of both the first RAT and the second RAT. The method further comprises performing a transmission in the first RAT at a power less than or equal to the P_cmax 1 . The method further comprises performing a transmission in the second RAT at a power less than or equal to the P_cmax 2.

RELATED APPLICATIONS

This application claims the benefit of Provisional Application Ser. No.62/593,477, filed on Dec. 1, 2017 and entitled “Configured MaximumTransmit Power Determination for LTE-NR Dual Connectivity,” the contentsof which are incorporated by reference herein in their entirety.

PRIORITY

This application is a continuation, under 35 U.S.C. § 120 of Ser. No.16/204,286 filed on Nov. 29, 2018 which claims priority to U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 62/593,477 filed Dec. 1, 2017, bothof which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Certain embodiments of the present disclosure relate, in general, towireless communications and, more particularly, to managing transmissionpowers for wireless communications.

BACKGROUND

Generally, all terms used herein are to be interpreted according totheir ordinary meaning in the relevant technical field, unless adifferent meaning is clearly given and/or is implied from the context inwhich it is used. All references to a/an/the element, apparatus,component, means, step, etc. are to be interpreted openly as referringto at least one instance of the element, apparatus, component, means,step, etc., unless explicitly stated otherwise. The steps of any methodsdisclosed herein do not have to be performed in the exact orderdisclosed, unless a step is explicitly described as following orpreceding another step and/or where it is implicit that a step mustfollow or precede another step. Any feature of any of the embodimentsdisclosed herein may be applied to any other embodiment, whereverappropriate. Likewise, any advantage of any of the embodiments may applyto any other embodiments, and vice versa. Other objectives, features andadvantages of the enclosed embodiments will be apparent from thefollowing description.

When a wireless device (such as user equipment (UE)) transmits physicalschannels (such as Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), PhysicalUplink Control Channel (PUCCH), or Physical Random Access Channel) orsignals (such as Sounding Reference Signals (SRS)), the maximum powerlevel at which the UE makes those transmissions is generally bounded bya configured maximum transmit power (Pcmax) value.

For UE transmissions corresponding to multiple component carriers orserving cells (e.g., c1, c2, c3) in a carrier aggregation scenario, UEtransmissions corresponding to each serving cell are bounded by arespective per serving cell configured maximum transmit power valuePcmax,c (where c=c1, c2, c3), and the cumulative power of thetransmissions across all the serving cells is bounded by a totalconfigured maximum output power P_cmax. Pcmax,c used by the UE needs tobe within a particular range with the higher bound typically determinedby the Power class declared (Ppowerclass) by the UE and any higher layer(e.g., Radio Resource Control (RRC)) configured power limits (P_emax,c),and the lower bound based on Ppowerclass, p-emax, and maximum values ofany power reductions that the UE can apply.

For example, UE transmissions corresponding to serving cell c arebounded by PCMAX,c that needs be in the following range shown below.

P_(CMAX_L,c)≤P_(CMAX,c)≤P_(CMAX_H,c) with

P_(CMAX_L,c)=MIN {P_(EMAX,c), P_(PowerClass)−MAX(X−MPR,c))}

P_(CMAX_H,c)=MIN {P_(EMAX,c), P_(PowerClass)}

where

-   -   P_(CMAX_H,c) is the higher bound on P_(CMAX,c)    -   P_(CMAX_L,c) is the lower bound on P_(CMAX,c)    -   P_(EMAX,c) is a higher layer (e.g., RRC) configured power limit    -   P_(PowerClass) is the UE power class and is a maximum UE power        value that is present in specifications;    -   X-MPR,c is the sum of maximum values of power reductions that        the UE is allowed to take    -   and the above values are in dB scale

For the case where UE has transmissions corresponding to multiplecomponent carriers or serving cells, the total configured maximum outputpower PCMAX1 needs to be within the following bounds:

P_(CMAX_L)≤P_(CMAX)≤P_(CMAX_H)

-   -   P_(CMAX_L)=MIN {10 log₁₀ΣMIN [p_(EMAX,c),        p_(PowerClass)/(x−mpr,c)], P_(PowerClass)}    -   P_(CMAX_H)=MIN{10 log₁₀ Σp_(EMAX,c), P_(PowerClass)}        where    -   p_(EMAX,c) is the linear value of P_(EMAX,c);    -   P_(PowerClass) is the UE power class and is a maximum UE power        value that is present in specifications;    -   P_(PowerClass) is the linear value of P_(PowerClass);    -   x-mpr,c is the linear value of X-MPR,c described above for each        serving cell c;    -   and the summation (Σ( )) shown above is applied across all the        serving cell (e.g. c1,c2,c3) on which the UE has transmissions.

There currently exist certain challenges. In some cases, the UE may berequired to perform transmissions corresponding to different radioaccess technologies (RATs). For example, the UE can be scheduled suchthat it needs to transmit simultaneously or overlapping with atransmission corresponding to a first serving cell c1 associated with along-term evolution (LTE) RAT and a second serving cell c2 associatedwith new radio (NR) RAT. A suitable mechanism for determining configuredmaximum transmit power value(s) that takes into account UEimplementation complexity for such scenarios is needed (e.g., the UEoperation on LTE RAT may not be aware of NR side transmissionparameters/setting, which could result in undesirable effects).

Certain aspects of the present disclosure and their embodiments mayprovide solutions to these or other challenges.

SUMMARY

According to an embodiment, a method is performed by a wireless device.The method comprises determining a first configured maximum transmitpower value (P_cmax1) for transmitting in a first radio accesstechnology (RAT). The P_cmax1 is determined based on one or moretransmissions of the first RAT. The method further comprises determininga second configured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax2) fortransmitting in a second RAT. The P_cmax2 is determined basedtransmissions of both the first RAT and the second RAT. The methodfurther comprises performing a transmission in the first RAT at a powerless than or equal to P_cmax1. The method further comprises performing atransmission in the second RAT at a power less than or equal to P_cmax2.

According to another embodiment, a wireless device is provided. Thewireless device comprises a memory configured to store instructions. Thewireless device also comprises processing circuitry configured toexecute the instructions. The wireless device is configured to determinea first configured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax1) fortransmitting in a first radio access technology (RAT). The P_cmax1 isdetermined based on one or more transmissions of the first RAT. Thewireless device is further configured to determine a second configuredmaximum transmit power value (P_cmax2) for transmitting in a second RAT.The P_cmax2 is determined based on transmissions of both the first RATand the second RAT. The wireless device is further configured to performa transmission in the first RAT at a power less than or equal toP_cmax1. The wireless device is further configured to perform atransmission in the second RAT at a power less than or equal to P_cmax2.

According to yet another embodiment, a computer program productcomprises a non-transitory computer readable medium storing computerreadable program code. the computer readable program code comprisesprogram code for determining a first configured maximum transmit powervalue (P_cmax1) for transmitting in a first radio access technology(RAT). The P_cmax1 is determined based on one or more transmissions ofthe first RAT. The computer readable program code further comprisesprogram code for determining a second configured maximum transmit powervalue (P_cmax2) for transmitting in a second RAT. The P_cmax2 isdetermined based on transmissions of both the first RAT and the secondRAT. The computer readable program code further comprises program codefor performing a transmission in the first RAT at a power less than orequal to P_cmax1. The computer readable program code further comprisesprogram code for performing a transmission in the second RAT at a powerless than or equal to P_cmax2. In certain embodiments, themethod/wireless device/computer program product may provide one or moreof the additional features provided below:

In particular embodiments, the P_cmax1 is further based on at least afirst maximum power reduction value (MPR1). The MPR1 is determined basedon a number of resource blocks allocated for the one or moretransmissions of the first RAT. In some embodiments, the MPR1 isdetermined based on the number of resource blocks allocated fortransmissions of only the first RAT.

In particular embodiments, the P_cmax2 is further based on at least asecond maximum power reduction value (MPR2). The MPR2 is determinedbased on a number of resource blocks allocated for the transmissions ofboth the first RAT and the second RAT.

In particular embodiments, the P_cmax2 is determined based at least inpart on a transmission power of current transmissions on the first RAT.

In particular embodiments, determining the P_cmax1 comprises determininga lower bound and an upper bound for the P_cmax1 and using a valuewithin the lower bound and the upper bound as the value of the P_cmax1.

In particular embodiments, determining the P_cmax2 comprises determininga lower bound and an upper bound for the P_cmax2 and using a valuewithin the lower bound and the upper bound as the value of the P_cmax2.

In particular embodiments, performing the transmission in the first RATcomprises transmitting a physical channel or signal of the first RAT.The physical channel or signal of the first RAT is one of a PhysicalUplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel(PUCCH), a Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), and a Physical Random AccessChanel (PRACH). Performing the transmission in the second RAT comprisestransmitting a physical channel or signal of the second RAT. Thephysical channel or signal of the second RAT is one of a PUSCH, a PUCCH,a PRACH, and an SRS.

In particular embodiments, the first RAT is a Long term evolution (LTE)RAT and the second RAT is a New Radio (NR) RAT.

In particular embodiments, the P_cmax1 is determined based on one ormore of the following: a power class value that the wireless deviceindicates to the network as part of wireless device capability signaling(P_powerclass), a maximum allowed power value for the first radio accesstechnology (P_RAT1), a first maximum power reduction value (MPR1),and/or a first backoff value (BO1).

In particular embodiments, the P_cmax2 is determined based on one ormore of the following: the Ppowerclass, a maximum allowed power valuefor the second radio access technology (P_RAT2), a second maximum powerreduction value (MPR2), a second backoff value (BO2), the P_cmax1, theMPR1, and/or the BO1.

In particular embodiments, the P_cmax1 is determined based at least inpart on the MPR1 and/or the BO1. The MPR1 and/or the BO1 are determinedby the wireless device based on the second RAT having no scheduledtransmissions regardless of whether the wireless device is scheduled totransmit on the RAT.

In particular embodiments, the P_cmax2 is determined based at least inpart on the MPR2 and/or the BO2. The MPR2 and/or the BO2 are determinedby the wireless device by considering transmissions scheduled for boththe first RAT and the second RAT.

In particular embodiments, the P_cmax2 is determined based at least inpart on: at least one of the MPR2 and/or the BO2 and at least one of theMPR1, the BO1, and/or the P_cmax1. The MPR2 and/or the BO2 aredetermined by the wireless device based on the first RAT having noscheduled transmissions regardless of whether the wireless device isscheduled to transmit on the first RAT.

In particular embodiments, the P_cmax2 is lower than the P_RAT2 and theP_cmax2 is lower than the P_cmax1.

In particular embodiments, the powers of the transmission performed inthe first radio access technology and the transmission performed in thesecond RAT are both bounded based on the P_cmax2.

In particular embodiments, the MPR1 is further based on positions ofresource blocks allocated for the one or more transmissions of the firstRAT. In some embodiments, the MPR1 is further based on positions ofresource blocks allocated for transmissions of only the first RAT.

In particular embodiments, the MPR2 is further based on positions ofresource blocks allocated for the transmissions of the second RAT andthe first RAT.

In particular embodiments, the MPR2 is based on a number and/or positionof resource blocks allocated for transmissions of the second RAT. TheP_cmax2 is determined based at least in part on the MPR2.

In particular embodiments, the transmissions of the second RAT are notused in determining P_cmax1. For example, the P_cmax1 is determinedbased on transmissions of only the first RAT.

According to an embodiment, a method is performed by a network node. Themethod comprises determining a configuration for an indicator. Theindicator indicates whether, when a wireless device is determining afirst configured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax1) for a firstradio access technology (RAT), the wireless device is to considertransmissions scheduled for both the first RAT and a second RAT. Themethod further comprises sending the indicator to the wireless device.

According to another embodiment, a network node is provided. The networknode comprises a memory configured to store instructions. The networknode further comprises processing circuitry configured to execute theinstructions. The network node is configured to determine aconfiguration for an indicator. The indicator indicates whether, when awireless device is determining a first configured maximum transmit powervalue (P_cmax1) for a first radio access technology (RAT), the wirelessdevice is to consider transmissions scheduled for both the first RAT anda second RAT. The network node is further configured to send theindicator to the wireless device.

According to yet another embodiment, a computer program productcomprises a non-transitory computer readable medium storing computerreadable program code. The computer readable program code comprisesprogram code for determining a configuration for an indicator. Theindicator indicates whether, when a wireless device is determining afirst configured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax1) for a firstradio access technology (RAT), the wireless device is to considertransmissions scheduled for both the first RAT and a second RAT. Thecomputer readable program code further comprises program code forsending the indicator to the wireless device.

In particular embodiments, the method/network node/computer programproduct further comprises sending information to the wireless devicefrom which the wireless derives the P_cmax1 for transmitting in thefirst RAT and a second configured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax2)for transmitting in the second RAT.

Certain embodiments of the present disclosure may provide one or moretechnical advantages. For example, certain embodiments allow thedetermination of configured maximum transmit power values for LTE-NRdual connectivity (DC) operation. For example, certain embodiments allowthe determination of a first configured maximum transmit power valueapplicable to LTE transmissions and a second configured maximum transmitpower value applicable for both LTE and NR transmissions. Transmissionsmay be configured using the first and second configured maximum transmitpower values. As another example, certain embodiments allow a simpler UEimplementation where LTE-side UE hardware/software can operateindependently without considering NR side transmissions orhardware/software settings. As yet another example, certain embodimentsallow NR-side UE hardware/software to consider LTE side transmissions orhardware/software settings, which may help to reduce interference incertain scenarios.

Certain embodiments may have none, some, or all of the above-recitedadvantages. Other advantages may be readily apparent to one having skillin the art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For a more complete understanding of the disclosed embodiments and theirfeatures and advantages, reference is now made to the followingdescription, taking in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, inwhich:

FIG. 1 illustrates an example wireless network, in accordance withcertain embodiments;

FIG. 2 illustrates an example user equipment, in accordance with certainembodiments;

FIG. 3 illustrates an example virtualization environment, in accordancewith certain embodiments;

FIG. 4 illustrate an example telecommunication network connected via anintermediate network to a host computer, in accordance with certainembodiments;

FIG. 5 illustrates an example host computer communicating via a basestation with a user equipment over a partially wireless connection, inaccordance with certain embodiments;

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating an example method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance certain embodiments;

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a second example method implementedin a communication system, in accordance with certain embodiments;

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a third method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance with certain embodiments;

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a fourth method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance with certain embodiments;

FIG. 10 illustrates an example method performed by a wireless device, inaccordance with certain embodiments;

FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic block diagram of a first exampleapparatus in a wireless network, in accordance with certain embodiments;and

FIG. 12 illustrates a second example method performed by a wirelessdevice, in accordance with certain embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

Some of the embodiments contemplated herein will now be described morefully with reference to the accompanying drawings. Other embodiments,however, are contained within the scope of the subject matter disclosedherein. The disclosed subject matter should not be construed as limitedto only the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments areprovided by way of example to convey the scope of the subject matter tothose skilled in the art.

The teachings herein provide mechanisms for determining configuredmaximum transmit power values for a LTE-NR dual connectivity (DC)operation. In certain embodiments, the UE determines a first configuredmaximum transmit power value (P_cmax1) applicable to LTE transmissionsand a second configured maximum transmit power value applicable for bothLTE and NR transmissions. According to certain embodiments, a UEconfigured with LTE-NR DC determines a first configured maximum transmitpower value (P_cmax1) applicable to LTE transmissions by consideringonly LTE transmissions and a second configured maximum transmit powervalue (P_cmax2) by considering both LTE and NR transmissions. The UEtransmits physical channels or signals (e.g., PUSCH/PUCCH/SRS)corresponding to LTE RAT such that their transmission power is smallerthan P_cmax1. The UE transmits physical channels or signals (e.g.,PUSCH/PUCCH/SRS) corresponding to NR RAT such that their transmissionpower is smaller than P_cmax2.

In certain embodiments, the wireless device (e.g., a UE) transmitsphysical channel(s)/signal(s) corresponding to a first RAT. The wirelessdevice also transmits physical channel(s)/signal(s) corresponding to asecond RAT. The transmit power of the physical channel(s)/signal(s)transmitted by the wireless device for the first RAT is bounded by afirst configured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax1). The transmitpower of the physical channel(s)/signal(s) transmitted by the wirelessdevice for at least the second RAT is bounded by a second configuredmaximum transmit power value (P_cmax2).

In certain embodiments, the wireless device may determine P_cmax1 usingat least the following:

-   -   A power class value that the wireless device indicates to the        network as part of wireless device capability signaling        (P_powerclass)    -   A maximum allowed power value for the first RAT (P_RAT1)    -   At least one of:        -   a first maximum power reduction value (MPR1)        -   a first backoff value (BO1)

In certain embodiments, the wireless device may determine P_cmax2 usingat least the following:

-   -   P_powerclass    -   A maximum allowed power value for the second RAT (P_RAT2)    -   At least one of:        -   a second maximum power reduction value (MPR2)        -   a second backoff value (BO2)        -   P_cmax1        -   MPR1        -   BO1

In some embodiments, MPR1 and/or BO1 may be determined by the wirelessdevice as if there is no transmission on the second RAT regardless ofwhether the wireless device is scheduled to transmit on the second RAT.For example, if the wireless device is scheduled to transmit on thefirst RAT in a first time duration (e.g., in a subframe/slot x) thewireless device may determine MPR1 and/or BO1 as if there is notransmission on the second RAT even if the wireless device is scheduledto transmit on the second RAT in a time duration that overlaps the firsttime duration.

In certain embodiments, P_cmax2, MPR2 and/or BO2 may be determined bythe wireless device by considering transmissions scheduled for both thefirst RAT and the second RAT.

In some embodiments, MPR2 and/or BO2 may be determined by the wirelessdevice assuming there is no transmission on the first RAT regardless ofwhether the wireless device is scheduled to transmit on the first RAT.The wireless device may still use one of MPR1, BO1, P_cmax1 to determineP_cmax2.

In some embodiments, the wireless device may use the transmission powerof ongoing transmission(s) on the first RAT to determine P_cmax2.

In some embodiments, the wireless device can determine P_cmax2 such thatit is lower than min(P_RAT2,P_cmax1), where min( ) gives the minimumvalue of the respective values.

In certain embodiments, the first RAT may be LTE and the second RATmaybe NR.

In certain embodiments, determining P_cmax1 can comprise determining alower bound and/or an upper bound for P_cmax1 and using a value forP_cmax1 that is within these bounds.

In certain embodiments, determining P_cmax2 can comprise determining alower bound and/or an upper bound for P_cmax2 and using a value forP_cmax2 that is within these bounds.

In some embodiments, the transmit power of the physicalchannel(s)/signal(s) transmitted by the wireless device for both thefirst RAT and second RAT can be bounded by the second configured maximumtransmit power value (P_cmax2).

In certain embodiments, the physical channel(s)/signal(s) transmitted bythe wireless device can be one or more of a Physical Uplink SharedChannel (PUSCH), a Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a SoundingReference Signal (SRS), and a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH).

In certain embodiments, MPR1 can be based on number and/or position ofresource blocks allocated for transmissions corresponding to LTE RAT.

In certain embodiments, MPR2 can be based on number and/or position ofresource blocks allocated for transmissions corresponding to the NR RATand the LTE RAT. In certain embodiments, MPR2 can be based on numberand/or position of resource blocks allocated for transmissionscorresponding to only the NR RAT.

Accordingly, a wireless device may flexibly determine the configuredmaximum transmit power values for transmitting over multiple radioaccess technologies (such as in dual connectivity with a NR RAT and LTERAT).

Although the subject matter described herein may be implemented in anyappropriate type of system using any suitable components, theembodiments disclosed herein are described in relation to a wirelessnetwork, such as the example wireless network illustrated in FIG. 1. Forsimplicity, the wireless network of FIG. 1 only depicts network 106,network nodes 160 and 160 b, and WDs 110, 110 b, and 110 c. In practice,a wireless network may further include any additional elements suitableto support communication between wireless devices or between a wirelessdevice and another communication device, such as a landline telephone, aservice provider, or any other network node or end device. Of theillustrated components, network node 160 and wireless device (WD) 110are depicted with additional detail. The wireless network may providecommunication and other types of services to one or more wirelessdevices to facilitate the wireless devices' access to and/or use of theservices provided by, or via, the wireless network.

The wireless network may comprise and/or interface with any type ofcommunication, telecommunication, data, cellular, and/or radio networkor other similar type of system. In some embodiments, the wirelessnetwork may be configured to operate according to specific standards orother types of predefined rules or procedures. Thus, particularembodiments of the wireless network may implement communicationstandards, such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM),Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), Long Term Evolution(LTE), and/or other suitable 2G, 3G, 4G, or 5G standards; wireless localarea network (WLAN) standards, such as the IEEE 802.11 standards; and/orany other appropriate wireless communication standard, such as theWorldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMax), Bluetooth,Z-Wave and/or ZigBee standards.

Network 106 may comprise one or more backhaul networks, core networks,IP networks, public switched telephone networks (PSTNs), packet datanetworks, optical networks, wide-area networks (WANs), local areanetworks (LANs), wireless local area networks (WLANs), wired networks,wireless networks, metropolitan area networks, and other networks toenable communication between devices.

Network node 160 and WD 110 comprise various components described inmore detail below. These components work together in order to providenetwork node and/or wireless device functionality, such as providingwireless connections in a wireless network. In different embodiments,the wireless network may comprise any number of wired or wirelessnetworks, network nodes, base stations, controllers, wireless devices,relay stations, and/or any other components or systems that mayfacilitate or participate in the communication of data and/or signalswhether via wired or wireless connections.

As used herein, network node refers to equipment capable, configured,arranged and/or operable to communicate directly or indirectly with awireless device and/or with other network nodes or equipment in thewireless network to enable and/or provide wireless access to thewireless device and/or to perform other functions (e.g., administration)in the wireless network. Examples of network nodes include, but are notlimited to, access points (APs) (e.g., radio access points), basestations (BSs) (e.g., radio base stations, Node Bs, evolved Node Bs(eNBs) and NR NodeBs (gNBs)). Base stations may be categorized based onthe amount of coverage they provide (or, stated differently, theirtransmit power level) and may then also be referred to as femto basestations, pico base stations, micro base stations, or macro basestations. A base station may be a relay node or a relay donor nodecontrolling a relay. A network node may also include one or more (orall) parts of a distributed radio base station such as centralizeddigital units and/or remote radio units (RRUs), sometimes referred to asRemote Radio Heads (RRHs). Such remote radio units may or may not beintegrated with an antenna as an antenna integrated radio. Parts of adistributed radio base station may also be referred to as nodes in adistributed antenna system (DAS). Yet further examples of network nodesinclude multi-standard radio (MSR) equipment such as MSR BSs, networkcontrollers such as radio network controllers (RNCs) or base stationcontrollers (BSCs), base transceiver stations (BTSs), transmissionpoints, transmission nodes, multi-cell/multicast coordination entities(MCEs), core network nodes (e.g., MSCs, MMEs), O&M nodes, OSS nodes, SONnodes, positioning nodes (e.g., E-SMLCs), and/or MDTs. As anotherexample, a network node may be a virtual network node as described inmore detail below. More generally, however, network nodes may representany suitable device (or group of devices) capable, configured, arranged,and/or operable to enable and/or provide a wireless device with accessto the wireless network or to provide some service to a wireless devicethat has accessed the wireless network.

In FIG. 1, network node 160 includes processing circuitry 170, devicereadable medium 180, interface 190, auxiliary equipment 184, powersource 186, power circuitry 187, and antenna 162. Although network node160 illustrated in the example wireless network of FIG. 1 may representa device that includes the illustrated combination of hardwarecomponents, other embodiments may comprise network nodes with differentcombinations of components. It is to be understood that a network nodecomprises any suitable combination of hardware and/or software needed toperform the tasks, features, functions and methods disclosed herein.Moreover, while the components of network node 160 are depicted assingle boxes located within a larger box, or nested within multipleboxes, in practice, a network node may comprise multiple differentphysical components that make up a single illustrated component (e.g.,device readable medium 180 may comprise multiple separate hard drives aswell as multiple RAM modules).

Similarly, network node 160 may be composed of multiple physicallyseparate components (e.g., a NodeB component and a RNC component, or aBTS component and a BSC component, etc.), which may each have their ownrespective components. In certain scenarios in which network node 160comprises multiple separate components (e.g., BTS and BSC components),one or more of the separate components may be shared among severalnetwork nodes. For example, a single RNC may control multiple NodeB's.In such a scenario, each unique NodeB and RNC pair, may in someinstances be considered a single separate network node. In someembodiments, network node 160 may be configured to support multipleradio access technologies (RATs). In such embodiments, some componentsmay be duplicated (e.g., separate device readable medium 180 for thedifferent RATs) and some components may be reused (e.g., the sameantenna 162 may be shared by the RATs). Network node 160 may alsoinclude multiple sets of the various illustrated components fordifferent wireless technologies integrated into network node 160, suchas, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, or Bluetooth wirelesstechnologies. These wireless technologies may be integrated into thesame or different chip or set of chips and other components withinnetwork node 160.

Processing circuitry 170 is configured to perform any determining,calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations)described herein as being provided by a network node. These operationsperformed by processing circuitry 170 may include processing informationobtained by processing circuitry 170 by, for example, converting theobtained information into other information, comparing the obtainedinformation or converted information to information stored in thenetwork node, and/or performing one or more operations based on theobtained information or converted information, and as a result of saidprocessing making a determination.

Processing circuitry 170 may comprise a combination of one or more of amicroprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit,digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, fieldprogrammable gate array, or any other suitable computing device,resource, or combination of hardware, software and/or encoded logicoperable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other networknode 160 components, such as device readable medium 180, network node160 functionality. For example, processing circuitry 170 may executeinstructions stored in device readable medium 180 or in memory withinprocessing circuitry 170. Such functionality may include providing anyof the various wireless features, functions, or benefits discussedherein. In some embodiments, processing circuitry 170 may include asystem on a chip (SOC).

In some embodiments, processing circuitry 170 may include one or more ofradio frequency (RF) transceiver circuitry 172 and baseband processingcircuitry 174. In some embodiments, radio frequency (RF) transceivercircuitry 172 and baseband processing circuitry 174 may be on separatechips (or sets of chips), boards, or units, such as radio units anddigital units. In alternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceivercircuitry 172 and baseband processing circuitry 174 may be on the samechip or set of chips, boards, or units

In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality describedherein as being provided by a network node, base station, eNB or othersuch network device may be performed by processing circuitry 170executing instructions stored on device readable medium 180 or memorywithin processing circuitry 170. In alternative embodiments, some or allof the functionality may be provided by processing circuitry 170 withoutexecuting instructions stored on a separate or discrete device readablemedium, such as in a hard-wired manner. In any of those embodiments,whether executing instructions stored on a device readable storagemedium or not, processing circuitry 170 can be configured to perform thedescribed functionality. The benefits provided by such functionality arenot limited to processing circuitry 170 alone or to other components ofnetwork node 160, but are enjoyed by network node 160 as a whole, and/orby end users and the wireless network generally.

Device readable medium 180 may comprise any form of volatile ornon-volatile computer readable memory including, without limitation,persistent storage, solid-state memory, remotely mounted memory,magnetic media, optical media, random access memory (RAM), read-onlymemory (ROM), mass storage media (for example, a hard disk), removablestorage media (for example, a flash drive, a Compact Disk (CD) or aDigital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or any other volatile or non-volatile,non-transitory device readable and/or computer-executable memory devicesthat store information, data, and/or instructions that may be used byprocessing circuitry 170. Device readable medium 180 may store anysuitable instructions, data or information, including a computerprogram, software, an application including one or more of logic, rules,code, tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executedby processing circuitry 170 and, utilized by network node 160. Devicereadable medium 180 may be used to store any calculations made byprocessing circuitry 170 and/or any data received via interface 190. Insome embodiments, processing circuitry 170 and device readable medium180 may be considered to be integrated.

Interface 190 is used in the wired or wireless communication ofsignalling and/or data between network node 160, network 106, and/or WDs110. As illustrated, interface 190 comprises port(s)/terminal(s) 194 tosend and receive data, for example to and from network 106 over a wiredconnection. Interface 190 also includes radio front end circuitry 192that may be coupled to, or in certain embodiments a part of, antenna162. Radio front end circuitry 192 comprises filters 198 and amplifiers196. Radio front end circuitry 192 may be connected to antenna 162 andprocessing circuitry 170. Radio front end circuitry may be configured tocondition signals communicated between antenna 162 and processingcircuitry 170. Radio front end circuitry 192 may receive digital datathat is to be sent out to other network nodes or WDs via a wirelessconnection. Radio front end circuitry 192 may convert the digital datainto a radio signal having the appropriate channel and bandwidthparameters using a combination of filters 198 and/or amplifiers 196. Theradio signal may then be transmitted via antenna 162. Similarly, whenreceiving data, antenna 162 may collect radio signals which are thenconverted into digital data by radio front end circuitry 192. Thedigital data may be passed to processing circuitry 170. In otherembodiments, the interface may comprise different components and/ordifferent combinations of components.

In certain alternative embodiments, network node 160 may not includeseparate radio front end circuitry 192, instead, processing circuitry170 may comprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected toantenna 162 without separate radio front end circuitry 192. Similarly,in some embodiments, all or some of RF transceiver circuitry 172 may beconsidered a part of interface 190. In still other embodiments,interface 190 may include one or more ports or terminals 194, radiofront end circuitry 192, and RF transceiver circuitry 172, as part of aradio unit (not shown), and interface 190 may communicate with basebandprocessing circuitry 174, which is part of a digital unit (not shown).

Antenna 162 may include one or more antennas, or antenna arrays,configured to send and/or receive wireless signals. Antenna 162 may becoupled to radio front end circuitry 190 and may be any type of antennacapable of transmitting and receiving data and/or signals wirelessly. Insome embodiments, antenna 162 may comprise one or more omni-directional,sector or panel antennas operable to transmit/receive radio signalsbetween, for example, 2 GHz and 66 GHz. An omni-directional antenna maybe used to transmit/receive radio signals in any direction, a sectorantenna may be used to transmit/receive radio signals from deviceswithin a particular area, and a panel antenna may be a line of sightantenna used to transmit/receive radio signals in a relatively straightline. In some instances, the use of more than one antenna may bereferred to as MIMO. In certain embodiments, antenna 162 may be separatefrom network node 160 and may be connectable to network node 160 throughan interface or port.

Antenna 162, interface 190, and/or processing circuitry 170 may beconfigured to perform any receiving operations and/or certain obtainingoperations described herein as being performed by a network node. Anyinformation, data and/or signals may be received from a wireless device,another network node and/or any other network equipment. Similarly,antenna 162, interface 190, and/or processing circuitry 170 may beconfigured to perform any transmitting operations described herein asbeing performed by a network node. Any information, data and/or signalsmay be transmitted to a wireless device, another network node and/or anyother network equipment.

Power circuitry 187 may comprise, or be coupled to, power managementcircuitry and is configured to supply the components of network node 160with power for performing the functionality described herein. Powercircuitry 187 may receive power from power source 186. Power source 186and/or power circuitry 187 may be configured to provide power to thevarious components of network node 160 in a form suitable for therespective components (e.g., at a voltage and current level needed foreach respective component). Power source 186 may either be included in,or external to, power circuitry 187 and/or network node 160. Forexample, network node 160 may be connectable to an external power source(e.g., an electricity outlet) via an input circuitry or interface suchas an electrical cable, whereby the external power source supplies powerto power circuitry 187. As a further example, power source 186 maycomprise a source of power in the form of a battery or battery packwhich is connected to, or integrated in, power circuitry 187. Thebattery may provide backup power should the external power source fail.Other types of power sources, such as photovoltaic devices, may also beused.

Alternative embodiments of network node 160 may include additionalcomponents beyond those shown in FIG. 1 that may be responsible forproviding certain aspects of the network node's functionality, includingany of the functionality described herein and/or any functionalitynecessary to support the subject matter described herein. For example,network node 160 may include user interface equipment to allow input ofinformation into network node 160 and to allow output of informationfrom network node 160. This may allow a user to perform diagnostic,maintenance, repair, and other administrative functions for network node160.

As used herein, wireless device (WD) refers to a device capable,configured, arranged and/or operable to communicate wirelessly withnetwork nodes and/or other wireless devices. Unless otherwise noted, theterm WD may be used interchangeably herein with user equipment (UE).Communicating wirelessly may involve transmitting and/or receivingwireless signals using electromagnetic waves, radio waves, infraredwaves, and/or other types of signals suitable for conveying informationthrough air. In some embodiments, a WD may be configured to transmitand/or receive information without direct human interaction. Forinstance, a WD may be designed to transmit information to a network on apredetermined schedule, when triggered by an internal or external event,or in response to requests from the network. Examples of a WD include,but are not limited to, a smart phone, a mobile phone, a cell phone, avoice over IP (VoIP) phone, a wireless local loop phone, a desktopcomputer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a wireless cameras, agaming console or device, a music storage device, a playback appliance,a wearable terminal device, a wireless endpoint, a mobile station, atablet, a laptop, a laptop-embedded equipment (LEE), a laptop-mountedequipment (LME), a smart device, a wireless customer-premise equipment(CPE). a vehicle-mounted wireless terminal device, etc. A WD may supportdevice-to-device (D2D) communication, for example by implementing a 3GPPstandard for sidelink communication, vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V),vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-everything (V2X) and may inthis case be referred to as a D2D communication device. As yet anotherspecific example, in an Internet of Things (IoT) scenario, a WD mayrepresent a machine or other device that performs monitoring and/ormeasurements, and transmits the results of such monitoring and/ormeasurements to another WD and/or a network node. The WD may in thiscase be a machine-to-machine (M2M) device, which may in a 3GPP contextbe referred to as an MTC device. As one particular example, the WD maybe a UE implementing the 3GPP narrow band internet of things (NB-IoT)standard. Particular examples of such machines or devices are sensors,metering devices such as power meters, industrial machinery, or home orpersonal appliances (e.g. refrigerators, televisions, etc.) personalwearables (e.g., watches, fitness trackers, etc.). In other scenarios, aWD may represent a vehicle or other equipment that is capable ofmonitoring and/or reporting on its operational status or other functionsassociated with its operation. A WD as described above may represent theendpoint of a wireless connection, in which case the device may bereferred to as a wireless terminal. Furthermore, a WD as described abovemay be mobile, in which case it may also be referred to as a mobiledevice or a mobile terminal.

As illustrated, wireless device 110 includes antenna 111, interface 114,processing circuitry 120, device readable medium 130, user interfaceequipment 132, auxiliary equipment 134, power source 136 and powercircuitry 137. WD 110 may include multiple sets of one or more of theillustrated components for different wireless technologies supported byWD 110, such as, for example, GSM, WCDMA, LTE, NR, WiFi, WiMAX, orBluetooth wireless technologies, just to mention a few. These wirelesstechnologies may be integrated into the same or different chips or setof chips as other components within WD 110.

Antenna 111 may include one or more antennas or antenna arrays,configured to send and/or receive wireless signals, and is connected tointerface 114. In certain alternative embodiments, antenna 111 may beseparate from WD 110 and be connectable to WD 110 through an interfaceor port. Antenna 111, interface 114, and/or processing circuitry 120 maybe configured to perform any receiving or transmitting operationsdescribed herein as being performed by a WD. Any information, dataand/or signals may be received from a network node and/or another WD. Insome embodiments, radio front end circuitry and/or antenna 111 may beconsidered an interface.

As illustrated, interface 114 comprises radio front end circuitry 112and antenna 111. Radio front end circuitry 112 comprise one or morefilters 118 and amplifiers 116. Radio front end circuitry 114 isconnected to antenna 111 and processing circuitry 120, and is configuredto condition signals communicated between antenna 111 and processingcircuitry 120. Radio front end circuitry 112 may be coupled to or a partof antenna 111. In some embodiments, WD 110 may not include separateradio front end circuitry 112; rather, processing circuitry 120 maycomprise radio front end circuitry and may be connected to antenna 111.Similarly, in some embodiments, some or all of RF transceiver circuitry122 may be considered a part of interface 114. Radio front end circuitry112 may receive digital data that is to be sent out to other networknodes or WDs via a wireless connection. Radio front end circuitry 112may convert the digital data into a radio signal having the appropriatechannel and bandwidth parameters using a combination of filters 118and/or amplifiers 116. The radio signal may then be transmitted viaantenna 111. Similarly, when receiving data, antenna 111 may collectradio signals which are then converted into digital data by radio frontend circuitry 112. The digital data may be passed to processingcircuitry 120. In other embodiments, the interface may comprisedifferent components and/or different combinations of components.

Processing circuitry 120 may comprise a combination of one or more of amicroprocessor, controller, microcontroller, central processing unit,digital signal processor, application-specific integrated circuit, fieldprogrammable gate array, or any other suitable computing device,resource, or combination of hardware, software, and/or encoded logicoperable to provide, either alone or in conjunction with other WD 110components, such as device readable medium 130, WD 110 functionality.Such functionality may include providing any of the various wirelessfeatures or benefits discussed herein. For example, processing circuitry120 may execute instructions stored in device readable medium 130 or inmemory within processing circuitry 120 to provide the functionalitydisclosed herein.

As illustrated, processing circuitry 120 includes one or more of RFtransceiver circuitry 122, baseband processing circuitry 124, andapplication processing circuitry 126. In other embodiments, theprocessing circuitry may comprise different components and/or differentcombinations of components. In certain embodiments processing circuitry120 of WD 110 may comprise a SOC. In some embodiments, RF transceivercircuitry 122, baseband processing circuitry 124, and applicationprocessing circuitry 126 may be on separate chips or sets of chips. Inalternative embodiments, part or all of baseband processing circuitry124 and application processing circuitry 126 may be combined into onechip or set of chips, and RF transceiver circuitry 122 may be on aseparate chip or set of chips. In still alternative embodiments, part orall of RF transceiver circuitry 122 and baseband processing circuitry124 may be on the same chip or set of chips, and application processingcircuitry 126 may be on a separate chip or set of chips. In yet otheralternative embodiments, part or all of RF transceiver circuitry 122,baseband processing circuitry 124, and application processing circuitry126 may be combined in the same chip or set of chips. In someembodiments, RF transceiver circuitry 122 may be a part of interface114. RF transceiver circuitry 122 may condition RF signals forprocessing circuitry 120.

In certain embodiments, some or all of the functionality describedherein as being performed by a WD may be provided by processingcircuitry 120 executing instructions stored on device readable medium130, which in certain embodiments may be a computer-readable storagemedium. In alternative embodiments, some or all of the functionality maybe provided by processing circuitry 120 without executing instructionsstored on a separate or discrete device readable storage medium, such asin a hard-wired manner. In any of those particular embodiments, whetherexecuting instructions stored on a device readable storage medium ornot, processing circuitry 120 can be configured to perform the describedfunctionality. The benefits provided by such functionality are notlimited to processing circuitry 120 alone or to other components of WD110, but are enjoyed by WD 110 as a whole, and/or by end users and thewireless network generally.

Processing circuitry 120 may be configured to perform any determining,calculating, or similar operations (e.g., certain obtaining operations)described herein as being performed by a WD. These operations, asperformed by processing circuitry 120, may include processinginformation obtained by processing circuitry 120 by, for example,converting the obtained information into other information, comparingthe obtained information or converted information to information storedby WD 110, and/or performing one or more operations based on theobtained information or converted information, and as a result of saidprocessing making a determination.

Device readable medium 130 may be operable to store a computer program,software, an application including one or more of logic, rules, code,tables, etc. and/or other instructions capable of being executed byprocessing circuitry 120. Device readable medium 130 may includecomputer memory (e.g., Random Access Memory (RAM) or Read Only Memory(ROM)), mass storage media (e.g., a hard disk), removable storage media(e.g., a Compact Disk (CD) or a Digital Video Disk (DVD)), and/or anyother volatile or non-volatile, non-transitory device readable and/orcomputer executable memory devices that store information, data, and/orinstructions that may be used by processing circuitry 120. In someembodiments, processing circuitry 120 and device readable medium 130 maybe considered to be integrated.

User interface equipment 132 may provide components that allow for ahuman user to interact with WD 110. Such interaction may be of manyforms, such as visual, audial, tactile, etc. User interface equipment132 may be operable to produce output to the user and to allow the userto provide input to WD 110. The type of interaction may vary dependingon the type of user interface equipment 132 installed in WD 110. Forexample, if WD 110 is a smart phone, the interaction may be via a touchscreen; if WD 110 is a smart meter, the interaction may be through ascreen that provides usage (e.g., the number of gallons used) or aspeaker that provides an audible alert (e.g., if smoke is detected).User interface equipment 132 may include input interfaces, devices andcircuits, and output interfaces, devices and circuits. User interfaceequipment 132 is configured to allow input of information into WD 110,and is connected to processing circuitry 120 to allow processingcircuitry 120 to process the input information. User interface equipment132 may include, for example, a microphone, a proximity or other sensor,keys/buttons, a touch display, one or more cameras, a USB port, or otherinput circuitry. User interface equipment 132 is also configured toallow output of information from WD 110, and to allow processingcircuitry 120 to output information from WD 110. User interfaceequipment 132 may include, for example, a speaker, a display, vibratingcircuitry, a USB port, a headphone interface, or other output circuitry.Using one or more input and output interfaces, devices, and circuits, ofuser interface equipment 132, WD 110 may communicate with end usersand/or the wireless network, and allow them to benefit from thefunctionality described herein.

Auxiliary equipment 134 is operable to provide more specificfunctionality which may not be generally performed by WDs. This maycomprise specialized sensors for doing measurements for variouspurposes, interfaces for additional types of communication such as wiredcommunications etc. The inclusion and type of components of auxiliaryequipment 134 may vary depending on the embodiment and/or scenario.

Power source 136 may, in some embodiments, be in the form of a batteryor battery pack. Other types of power sources, such as an external powersource (e.g., an electricity outlet), photovoltaic devices or powercells, may also be used. WD 110 may further comprise power circuitry 137for delivering power from power source 136 to the various parts of WD110 which need power from power source 136 to carry out anyfunctionality described or indicated herein. Power circuitry 137 may incertain embodiments comprise power management circuitry. Power circuitry137 may additionally or alternatively be operable to receive power froman external power source; in which case WD 110 may be connectable to theexternal power source (such as an electricity outlet) via inputcircuitry or an interface such as an electrical power cable. Powercircuitry 137 may also in certain embodiments be operable to deliverpower from an external power source to power source 136. This may be,for example, for the charging of power source 136. Power circuitry 137may perform any formatting, converting, or other modification to thepower from power source 136 to make the power suitable for therespective components of WD 110 to which power is supplied.

FIG. 2 illustrates one embodiment of a UE in accordance with variousaspects described herein. As used herein, a user equipment or UE may notnecessarily have a user in the sense of a human user who owns and/oroperates the relevant device. Instead, a UE may represent a device thatis intended for sale to, or operation by, a human user but which maynot, or which may not initially, be associated with a specific humanuser (e.g., a smart sprinkler controller). Alternatively, a UE mayrepresent a device that is not intended for sale to, or operation by, anend user but which may be associated with or operated for the benefit ofa user (e.g., a smart power meter). UE 2200 may be any UE identified bythe 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), including a NB-IoT UE,a machine type communication (MTC) UE, and/or an enhanced MTC (eMTC) UE.UE 200, as illustrated in FIG. 2, is one example of a WD configured forcommunication in accordance with one or more communication standardspromulgated by the 3^(rd) Generation Partnership Project (3GPP), such as3GPP's GSM, UMTS, LTE, and/or 5G standards. As mentioned previously, theterm WD and UE may be used interchangeable. Accordingly, although FIG. 2is a UE, the components discussed herein are equally applicable to a WD,and vice-versa.

In FIG. 2, UE 200 includes processing circuitry 201 that is operativelycoupled to input/output interface 205, radio frequency (RF) interface209, network connection interface 211, memory 215 including randomaccess memory (RAM) 217, read-only memory (ROM) 219, and storage medium221 or the like, communication subsystem 231, power source 233, and/orany other component, or any combination thereof. Storage medium 221includes operating system 223, application program 225, and data 227. Inother embodiments, storage medium 221 may include other similar types ofinformation. Certain UEs may utilize all of the components shown in FIG.2, or only a subset of the components. The level of integration betweenthe components may vary from one UE to another UE. Further, certain UEsmay contain multiple instances of a component, such as multipleprocessors, memories, transceivers, transmitters, receivers, etc.

In FIG. 2, processing circuitry 201 may be configured to processcomputer instructions and data. Processing circuitry 201 may beconfigured to implement any sequential state machine operative toexecute machine instructions stored as machine-readable computerprograms in the memory, such as one or more hardware-implemented statemachines (e.g., in discrete logic, FPGA, ASIC, etc.); programmable logictogether with appropriate firmware; one or more stored program,general-purpose processors, such as a microprocessor or Digital SignalProcessor (DSP), together with appropriate software; or any combinationof the above. For example, the processing circuitry 201 may include twocentral processing units (CPUs). Data may be information in a formsuitable for use by a computer.

In the depicted embodiment, input/output interface 205 may be configuredto provide a communication interface to an input device, output device,or input and output device. UE 200 may be configured to use an outputdevice via input/output interface 205. An output device may use the sametype of interface port as an input device. For example, a USB port maybe used to provide input to and output from UE 200. The output devicemay be a speaker, a sound card, a video card, a display, a monitor, aprinter, an actuator, an emitter, a smartcard, another output device, orany combination thereof. UE 200 may be configured to use an input devicevia input/output interface 205 to allow a user to capture informationinto UE 200. The input device may include a touch-sensitive orpresence-sensitive display, a camera (e.g., a digital camera, a digitalvideo camera, a web camera, etc.), a microphone, a sensor, a mouse, atrackball, a directional pad, a trackpad, a scroll wheel, a smartcard,and the like. The presence-sensitive display may include a capacitive orresistive touch sensor to sense input from a user. A sensor may be, forinstance, an accelerometer, a gyroscope, a tilt sensor, a force sensor,a magnetometer, an optical sensor, a proximity sensor, another likesensor, or any combination thereof. For example, the input device may bean accelerometer, a magnetometer, a digital camera, a microphone, and anoptical sensor.

In FIG. 2, RF interface 209 may be configured to provide a communicationinterface to RF components such as a transmitter, a receiver, and anantenna. Network connection interface 211 may be configured to provide acommunication interface to network 243 a. Network 243 a may encompasswired and/or wireless networks such as a local-area network (LAN), awide-area network (WAN), a computer network, a wireless network, atelecommunications network, another like network or any combinationthereof. For example, network 243 a may comprise a Wi-Fi network.Network connection interface 211 may be configured to include a receiverand a transmitter interface used to communicate with one or more otherdevices over a communication network according to one or morecommunication protocols, such as Ethernet, TCP/IP, SONET, ATM, or thelike. Network connection interface 211 may implement receiver andtransmitter functionality appropriate to the communication network links(e.g., optical, electrical, and the like). The transmitter and receiverfunctions may share circuit components, software or firmware, oralternatively may be implemented separately.

RAM 217 may be configured to interface via bus 202 to processingcircuitry 201 to provide storage or caching of data or computerinstructions during the execution of software programs such as theoperating system, application programs, and device drivers. ROM 219 maybe configured to provide computer instructions or data to processingcircuitry 201. For example, ROM 219 may be configured to store invariantlow-level system code or data for basic system functions such as basicinput and output (I/O), startup, or reception of keystrokes from akeyboard that are stored in a non-volatile memory. Storage medium 221may be configured to include memory such as RAM, ROM, programmableread-only memory (PROM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM),electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), magneticdisks, optical disks, floppy disks, hard disks, removable cartridges, orflash drives. In one example, storage medium 221 may be configured toinclude operating system 223, application program 225 such as a webbrowser application, a widget or gadget engine or another application,and data file 227. Storage medium 221 may store, for use by UE 200, anyof a variety of various operating systems or combinations of operatingsystems.

Storage medium 221 may be configured to include a number of physicaldrive units, such as redundant array of independent disks (RAID), floppydisk drive, flash memory, USB flash drive, external hard disk drive,thumb drive, pen drive, key drive, high-density digital versatile disc(HD-DVD) optical disc drive, internal hard disk drive, Blu-Ray opticaldisc drive, holographic digital data storage (HDDS) optical disc drive,external mini-dual in-line memory module (DIMM), synchronous dynamicrandom access memory (SDRAM), external micro-DIMM SDRAM, smartcardmemory such as a subscriber identity module or a removable user identity(SIM/RUIM) module, other memory, or any combination thereof. Storagemedium 221 may allow UE 200 to access computer-executable instructions,application programs or the like, stored on transitory or non-transitorymemory media, to off-load data, or to upload data. An article ofmanufacture, such as one utilizing a communication system may betangibly embodied in storage medium 221, which may comprise a devicereadable medium.

In FIG. 2, processing circuitry 201 may be configured to communicatewith network 243 b using communication subsystem 231. Network 243 a andnetwork 243 b may be the same network or networks or different networkor networks. Communication subsystem 231 may be configured to includeone or more transceivers used to communicate with network 243 b. Forexample, communication subsystem 231 may be configured to include one ormore transceivers used to communicate with one or more remotetransceivers of another device capable of wireless communication such asanother WD, UE, or base station of a radio access network (RAN)according to one or more communication protocols, such as IEEE 802.2,CDMA, WCDMA, GSM, LTE, UTRAN, WiMax, or the like. Each transceiver mayinclude transmitter 233 and/or receiver 235 to implement transmitter orreceiver functionality, respectively, appropriate to the RAN links(e.g., frequency allocations and the like). Further, transmitter 233 andreceiver 235 of each transceiver may share circuit components, softwareor firmware, or alternatively may be implemented separately.

In the illustrated embodiment, the communication functions ofcommunication subsystem 231 may include data communication, voicecommunication, multimedia communication, short-range communications suchas Bluetooth, near-field communication, location-based communicationsuch as the use of the global positioning system (GPS) to determine alocation, another like communication function, or any combinationthereof. For example, communication subsystem 231 may include cellularcommunication, Wi-Fi communication, Bluetooth communication, and GPScommunication. Network 243 b may encompass wired and/or wirelessnetworks such as a local-area network (LAN), a wide-area network (WAN),a computer network, a wireless network, a telecommunications network,another like network or any combination thereof. For example, network243 b may be a cellular network, a Wi-Fi network, and/or a near-fieldnetwork. Power source 213 may be configured to provide alternatingcurrent (AC) or direct current (DC) power to components of UE 200.

The features, benefits and/or functions described herein may beimplemented in one of the components of UE 200 or partitioned acrossmultiple components of UE 200. Further, the features, benefits, and/orfunctions described herein may be implemented in any combination ofhardware, software or firmware. In one example, communication subsystem231 may be configured to include any of the components described herein.Further, processing circuitry 201 may be configured to communicate withany of such components over bus 202. In another example, any of suchcomponents may be represented by program instructions stored in memorythat when executed by processing circuitry 201 perform the correspondingfunctions described herein. In another example, the functionality of anyof such components may be partitioned between processing circuitry 201and communication subsystem 231. In another example, thenon-computationally intensive functions of any of such components may beimplemented in software or firmware and the computationally intensivefunctions may be implemented in hardware.

FIG. 3 is a schematic block diagram illustrating a virtualizationenvironment 300 in which functions implemented by some embodiments maybe virtualized. In the present context, virtualizing means creatingvirtual versions of apparatuses or devices which may includevirtualizing hardware platforms, storage devices and networkingresources. As used herein, virtualization can be applied to a node(e.g., a virtualized base station or a virtualized radio access node) orto a device (e.g., a UE, a wireless device or any other type ofcommunication device) or components thereof and relates to animplementation in which at least a portion of the functionality isimplemented as one or more virtual components (e.g., via one or moreapplications, components, functions, virtual machines or containersexecuting on one or more physical processing nodes in one or morenetworks).

In some embodiments, some or all of the functions described herein maybe implemented as virtual components executed by one or more virtualmachines implemented in one or more virtual environments 300 hosted byone or more of hardware nodes 330. Further, in embodiments in which thevirtual node is not a radio access node or does not require radioconnectivity (e.g., a core network node), then the network node may beentirely virtualized.

The functions may be implemented by one or more applications 320 (whichmay alternatively be called software instances, virtual appliances,network functions, virtual nodes, virtual network functions, etc.)operative to implement some of the features, functions, and/or benefitsof some of the embodiments disclosed herein. Applications 320 are run invirtualization environment 300 which provides hardware 330 comprisingprocessing circuitry 360 and memory 390. Memory 390 containsinstructions 395 executable by processing circuitry 360 wherebyapplication 320 is operative to provide one or more of the features,benefits, and/or functions disclosed herein.

Virtualization environment 300, comprises general-purpose orspecial-purpose network hardware devices 330 comprising a set of one ormore processors or processing circuitry 360, which may be commercialoff-the-shelf (COTS) processors, dedicated Application SpecificIntegrated Circuits (ASICs), or any other type of processing circuitryincluding digital or analog hardware components or special purposeprocessors. Each hardware device may comprise memory 390-1 which may benon-persistent memory for temporarily storing instructions 395 orsoftware executed by processing circuitry 360. Each hardware device maycomprise one or more network interface controllers (NICs) 370, alsoknown as network interface cards, which include physical networkinterface 380. Each hardware device may also include non-transitory,persistent, machine-readable storage media 390-2 having stored thereinsoftware 395 and/or instructions executable by processing circuitry 360.Software 395 may include any type of software including software forinstantiating one or more virtualization layers 350 (also referred to ashypervisors), software to execute virtual machines 340 as well assoftware allowing it to execute functions, features and/or benefitsdescribed in relation with some embodiments described herein.

Virtual machines 340, comprise virtual processing, virtual memory,virtual networking or interface and virtual storage, and may be run by acorresponding virtualization layer 350 or hypervisor. Differentembodiments of the instance of virtual appliance 320 may be implementedon one or more of virtual machines 340, and the implementations may bemade in different ways.

During operation, processing circuitry 360 executes software 395 toinstantiate the hypervisor or virtualization layer 350, which maysometimes be referred to as a virtual machine monitor (VMM).Virtualization layer 350 may present a virtual operating platform thatappears like networking hardware to virtual machine 340.

As shown in FIG. 3, hardware 330 may be a standalone network node withgeneric or specific components. Hardware 330 may comprise antenna 3225and may implement some functions via virtualization. Alternatively,hardware 330 may be part of a larger cluster of hardware (e.g. such asin a data center or customer premise equipment (CPE)) where manyhardware nodes work together and are managed via management andorchestration (MANO) 3100, which, among others, oversees lifecyclemanagement of applications 320.

Virtualization of the hardware is in some contexts referred to asnetwork function virtualization (NFV). NFV may be used to consolidatemany network equipment types onto industry standard high volume serverhardware, physical switches, and physical storage, which can be locatedin data centers, and customer premise equipment.

In the context of NFV, virtual machine 340 may be a softwareimplementation of a physical machine that runs programs as if they wereexecuting on a physical, non-virtualized machine. Each of virtualmachines 340, and that part of hardware 330 that executes that virtualmachine, be it hardware dedicated to that virtual machine and/orhardware shared by that virtual machine with others of the virtualmachines 340, forms a separate virtual network elements (VNE).

Still in the context of NFV, Virtual Network Function (VNF) isresponsible for handling specific network functions that run in one ormore virtual machines 340 on top of hardware networking infrastructure330 and corresponds to application 320 in FIG. 3.

In some embodiments, one or more radio units 3200 that each include oneor more transmitters 3220 and one or more receivers 3210 may be coupledto one or more antennas 3225. Radio units 3200 may communicate directlywith hardware nodes 330 via one or more appropriate network interfacesand may be used in combination with the virtual components to provide avirtual node with radio capabilities, such as a radio access node or abase station.

In some embodiments, some signalling can be effected with the use ofcontrol system 3230 which may alternatively be used for communicationbetween the hardware nodes 330 and radio units 3200.

With reference to FIG. 4, in accordance with an embodiment, acommunication system includes telecommunication network 410, such as a3GPP-type cellular network, which comprises access network 411, such asa radio access network, and core network 414. Access network 411comprises a plurality of base stations 412 a, 412 b, 412 c, such as NBs,eNBs, gNBs or other types of wireless access points, each defining acorresponding coverage area 413 a, 413 b, 413 c. Each base station 412a, 412 b, 412 c is connectable to core network 414 over a wired orwireless connection 415. A first UE 491 located in coverage area 413 cis configured to wirelessly connect to, or be paged by, thecorresponding base station 412 c. A second UE 492 in coverage area 413 ais wirelessly connectable to the corresponding base station 412 a. Whilea plurality of UEs 491, 492 are illustrated in this example, thedisclosed embodiments are equally applicable to a situation where a soleUE is in the coverage area or where a sole UE is connecting to thecorresponding base station 412.

Telecommunication network 410 is itself connected to host computer 430,which may be embodied in the hardware and/or software of a standaloneserver, a cloud-implemented server, a distributed server or asprocessing resources in a server farm. Host computer 430 may be underthe ownership or control of a service provider, or may be operated bythe service provider or on behalf of the service provider. Connections421 and 422 between telecommunication network 410 and host computer 430may extend directly from core network 414 to host computer 430 or may govia an optional intermediate network 420. Intermediate network 420 maybe one of, or a combination of more than one of, a public, private orhosted network; intermediate network 420, if any, may be a backbonenetwork or the Internet; in particular, intermediate network 420 maycomprise two or more sub-networks (not shown).

The communication system of FIG. 4 as a whole enables connectivitybetween the connected UEs 491, 492 and host computer 430. Theconnectivity may be described as an over-the-top (OTT) connection 450.Host computer 430 and the connected UEs 491, 492 are configured tocommunicate data and/or signaling via OTT connection 450, using accessnetwork 411, core network 414, any intermediate network 420 and possiblefurther infrastructure (not shown) as intermediaries. OTT connection 450may be transparent in the sense that the participating communicationdevices through which OTT connection 450 passes are unaware of routingof uplink and downlink communications. For example, base station 412 maynot or need not be informed about the past routing of an incomingdownlink communication with data originating from host computer 430 tobe forwarded (e.g., handed over) to a connected UE 491. Similarly, basestation 412 need not be aware of the future routing of an outgoinguplink communication originating from the UE 491 towards the hostcomputer 430.

Example implementations, in accordance with an embodiment, of the UE,base station and host computer discussed in the preceding paragraphswill now be described with reference to FIG. 5. In communication system500, host computer 510 comprises hardware 515 including communicationinterface 516 configured to set up and maintain a wired or wirelessconnection with an interface of a different communication device ofcommunication system 500. Host computer 510 further comprises processingcircuitry 518, which may have storage and/or processing capabilities. Inparticular, processing circuitry 518 may comprise one or moreprogrammable processors, application-specific integrated circuits, fieldprogrammable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted toexecute instructions. Host computer 510 further comprises software 511,which is stored in or accessible by host computer 510 and executable byprocessing circuitry 518. Software 511 includes host application 512.Host application 512 may be operable to provide a service to a remoteuser, such as UE 530 connecting via OTT connection 550 terminating at UE530 and host computer 510. In providing the service to the remote user,host application 512 may provide user data which is transmitted usingOTT connection 550.

Communication system 500 further includes base station 520 provided in atelecommunication system and comprising hardware 525 enabling it tocommunicate with host computer 510 and with UE 530. Hardware 525 mayinclude communication interface 526 for setting up and maintaining awired or wireless connection with an interface of a differentcommunication device of communication system 500, as well as radiointerface 527 for setting up and maintaining at least wirelessconnection 570 with UE 530 located in a coverage area (not shown in FIG.5) served by base station 520. Communication interface 526 may beconfigured to facilitate connection 560 to host computer 510. Connection560 may be direct or it may pass through a core network (not shown inFIG. 5) of the telecommunication system and/or through one or moreintermediate networks outside the telecommunication system. In theembodiment shown, hardware 525 of base station 520 further includesprocessing circuitry 528, which may comprise one or more programmableprocessors, application-specific integrated circuits, field programmablegate arrays or combinations of these (not shown) adapted to executeinstructions. Base station 520 further has software 521 storedinternally or accessible via an external connection.

Communication system 500 further includes UE 530 already referred to.Its hardware 535 may include radio interface 537 configured to set upand maintain wireless connection 570 with a base station serving acoverage area in which UE 530 is currently located. Hardware 535 of UE530 further includes processing circuitry 538, which may comprise one ormore programmable processors, application-specific integrated circuits,field programmable gate arrays or combinations of these (not shown)adapted to execute instructions. UE 530 further comprises software 531,which is stored in or accessible by UE 530 and executable by processingcircuitry 538. Software 531 includes client application 532. Clientapplication 532 may be operable to provide a service to a human ornon-human user via UE 530, with the support of host computer 510. Inhost computer 510, an executing host application 512 may communicatewith the executing client application 532 via OTT connection 550terminating at UE 530 and host computer 510. In providing the service tothe user, client application 532 may receive request data from hostapplication 512 and provide user data in response to the request data.OTT connection 550 may transfer both the request data and the user data.Client application 532 may interact with the user to generate the userdata that it provides.

It is noted that host computer 510, base station 520 and UE 530illustrated in FIG. 5 may be similar or identical to host computer 430,one of base stations 412 a, 412 b, 412 c and one of UEs 491, 492 of FIG.4, respectively. This is to say, the inner workings of these entitiesmay be as shown in FIG. 5 and independently, the surrounding networktopology may be that of FIG. 4.

In FIG. 5, OTT connection 550 has been drawn abstractly to illustratethe communication between host computer 510 and UE 530 via base station520, without explicit reference to any intermediary devices and theprecise routing of messages via these devices. Network infrastructuremay determine the routing, which it may be configured to hide from UE530 or from the service provider operating host computer 510, or both.While OTT connection 550 is active, the network infrastructure mayfurther take decisions by which it dynamically changes the routing(e.g., on the basis of load balancing consideration or reconfigurationof the network).

Wireless connection 570 between UE 530 and base station 520 is inaccordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughoutthis disclosure. One or more of the various embodiments improve theperformance of OTT services provided to UE 530 using OTT connection 550,in which wireless connection 570 forms the last segment. More precisely,the teachings of these embodiments may improve latency and therebyprovide benefits such as reduced user waiting time and betterresponsiveness.

A measurement procedure may be provided for the purpose of monitoringdata rate, latency and other factors on which the one or moreembodiments improve. There may further be an optional networkfunctionality for reconfiguring OTT connection 550 between host computer510 and UE 530, in response to variations in the measurement results.The measurement procedure and/or the network functionality forreconfiguring OTT connection 550 may be implemented in software 511 andhardware 515 of host computer 510 or in software 531 and hardware 535 ofUE 530, or both. In embodiments, sensors (not shown) may be deployed inor in association with communication devices through which OTTconnection 550 passes; the sensors may participate in the measurementprocedure by supplying values of the monitored quantities exemplifiedabove, or supplying values of other physical quantities from whichsoftware 511, 531 may compute or estimate the monitored quantities. Thereconfiguring of OTT connection 550 may include message format,retransmission settings, preferred routing etc.; the reconfiguring neednot affect base station 520, and it may be unknown or imperceptible tobase station 520. Such procedures and functionalities may be known andpracticed in the art. In certain embodiments, measurements may involveproprietary UE signaling facilitating host computer 510's measurementsof throughput, propagation times, latency and the like. The measurementsmay be implemented in that software 511 and 531 causes messages to betransmitted, in particular empty or ‘dummy’ messages, using OTTconnection 550 while it monitors propagation times, errors etc.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance with one embodiment. Thecommunication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UEwhich may be those described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. Forsimplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 6will be included in this section. In step 610, the host computerprovides user data. In substep 611 (which may be optional) of step 610,the host computer provides the user data by executing a hostapplication. In step 620, the host computer initiates a transmissioncarrying the user data to the UE. In step 630 (which may be optional),the base station transmits to the UE the user data which was carried inthe transmission that the host computer initiated, in accordance withthe teachings of the embodiments described throughout this disclosure.In step 640 (which may also be optional), the UE executes a clientapplication associated with the host application executed by the hostcomputer.

FIG. 7 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance with one embodiment. Thecommunication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UEwhich may be those described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. Forsimplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 7will be included in this section. In step 710 of the method, the hostcomputer provides user data. In an optional substep (not shown) the hostcomputer provides the user data by executing a host application. In step720, the host computer initiates a transmission carrying the user datato the UE. The transmission may pass via the base station, in accordancewith the teachings of the embodiments described throughout thisdisclosure. In step 730 (which may be optional), the UE receives theuser data carried in the transmission.

FIG. 8 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance with one embodiment. Thecommunication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UEwhich may be those described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. Forsimplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 8will be included in this section. In step 810 (which may be optional),the UE receives input data provided by the host computer. Additionallyor alternatively, in step 820, the UE provides user data. In substep 821(which may be optional) of step 820, the UE provides the user data byexecuting a client application. In substep 811 (which may be optional)of step 810, the UE executes a client application which provides theuser data in reaction to the received input data provided by the hostcomputer. In providing the user data, the executed client applicationmay further consider user input received from the user. Regardless ofthe specific manner in which the user data was provided, the UEinitiates, in substep 830 (which may be optional), transmission of theuser data to the host computer. In step 840 of the method, the hostcomputer receives the user data transmitted from the UE, in accordancewith the teachings of the embodiments described throughout thisdisclosure.

FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating a method implemented in acommunication system, in accordance with one embodiment. Thecommunication system includes a host computer, a base station and a UEwhich may be those described with reference to FIGS. 12 and 13. Forsimplicity of the present disclosure, only drawing references to FIG. 9will be included in this section. In step 910 (which may be optional),in accordance with the teachings of the embodiments described throughoutthis disclosure, the base station receives user data from the UE. Instep 920 (which may be optional), the base station initiatestransmission of the received user data to the host computer. In step 930(which may be optional), the host computer receives the user datacarried in the transmission initiated by the base station.

Any appropriate steps, methods, features, functions, or benefitsdisclosed herein may be performed through one or more functional unitsor modules of one or more virtual apparatuses. Each virtual apparatusmay comprise a number of these functional units. These functional unitsmay be implemented via processing circuitry, which may include one ormore microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as other digitalhardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs),special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitrymay be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which mayinclude one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM),random-access memory (RAM), cache memory, flash memory devices, opticalstorage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes programinstructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or datacommunications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one ormore of the techniques described herein. In some implementations, theprocessing circuitry may be used to cause the respective functional unitto perform corresponding functions according one or more embodiments ofthe present disclosure.

FIG. 10 depicts a method in accordance with particular embodiments, themethod begins at step 1001 with determining a first configured maximumtransmit power value (P_cmax1) for transmitting in a first radio accesstechnology. The method continues to step 1002 with determining a secondconfigured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax2) for transmitting in asecond radio access technology. The method continues to 1003 withperforming a transmission in the first radio access technology at apower less than or equal to P_cmax1. The method ends at step 1004 withperforming at a transmission in the second radio access technology at apower less than or equal to P_cmax2. Examples of techniques fordetermining P_cmax1 and P_cmax2 are described in the Group A Embodimentsdiscussed below.

FIG. 11 illustrates a schematic block diagram of an apparatus 1100 in awireless network (for example, the wireless network shown in FIG. 1).The apparatus may be implemented in a wireless device or network node(e.g., wireless device 110 or network node 160 shown in FIG. 1).Apparatus 1100 is operable to carry out the example method describedwith reference to FIG. 10 and possibly any other processes or methodsdisclosed herein. It is also to be understood that the method of FIG. 10is not necessarily carried out solely by apparatus 1100. At least someoperations of the method can be performed by one or more other entities.

Virtual Apparatus 1100 may comprise processing circuitry, which mayinclude one or more microprocessor or microcontrollers, as well as otherdigital hardware, which may include digital signal processors (DSPs),special-purpose digital logic, and the like. The processing circuitrymay be configured to execute program code stored in memory, which mayinclude one or several types of memory such as read-only memory (ROM),random-access memory, cache memory, flash memory devices, opticalstorage devices, etc. Program code stored in memory includes programinstructions for executing one or more telecommunications and/or datacommunications protocols as well as instructions for carrying out one ormore of the techniques described herein, in several embodiments. In someimplementations, the processing circuitry may be used to cause firstradio access technology unit 1102, second radio access technology unit1104, and any other suitable units of apparatus 1100 to performcorresponding functions according one or more embodiments of the presentdisclosure.

As illustrated in FIG. 11, apparatus 1100 includes first radio accesstechnology unit 1102 and second radio access technology unit 1104. Eachradio access technology unit 1102 and 1104 comprises hardware/softwarefor performing functionality of a respective radio access technology.For example, first radio access technology unit 1102 can be configuredto perform steps 1001 and 1003 of FIG. 10, and second radio accesstechnology unit 1104 can be configured to perform steps 1002 and 1004 ofFIG. 10. As one example, in certain embodiments, first radio accesstechnology unit 1102 is configured to perform LTE functionality, andsecond radio access technology unit 1104 is configured to perform NRfunctionality. In the embodiment, the functionality of first radioaccess technology unit 1102 includes determining a first configuredmaximum transmit power value (P_cmax1) for transmitting in LTE andperforming an LTE transmission at a power less than or equal to P_cmax1.In the embodiment, the functionality of second radio access technologyunit 1104 includes determining a second configured maximum transmitpower value (P_cmax2) for transmitting in NR and performing an NRtransmission at a power less than or equal to P_cmax2.

Certain embodiments allow a simpler implementation where first radioaccess technology unit 1102 can operate independently withoutconsidering transmissions or configuration settings of second radioaccess technology unit 1104 (e.g., first radio access technology unit1102 assumes there is no transmission on the second radio accesstechnology regardless of whether or not second radio access technologyunit 1104 is scheduled to transmit on the second radio accesstechnology). Certain embodiments allow second radio access technologyunit 1104 to consider transmissions and/or configuration settings offirst radio access technology unit 1102, which may help to reduceinterference in certain scenarios.

The term unit may have conventional meaning in the field of electronics,electrical devices and/or electronic devices and may include, forexample, electrical and/or electronic circuitry, devices, modules,processors, memories, logic solid state and/or discrete devices,computer programs or instructions for carrying out respective tasks,procedures, computations, outputs, and/or displaying functions, and soon, as such as those that are described herein.

In some embodiments a computer program, computer program product orcomputer readable storage medium comprises instructions which whenexecuted on a computer perform any of the embodiments disclosed herein.In further examples the instructions are carried on a signal or carrierand which are executable on a computer wherein when executed perform anyof the embodiments disclosed herein.

SAMPLE EMBODIMENTS Group A Embodiments

-   -   1. A method performed by a wireless device for determining a        transmit power configuration, the method comprising:        -   determining a first configured maximum transmit power value            (P_cmax1) for transmitting in a first radio access            technology;        -   determining a second configured maximum transmit power value            (P_cmax2) for transmitting in a second radio access            technology;        -   performing a transmission in the first radio access            technology at a power less than or equal to P_cmax1; and        -   performing at a transmission in the second radio access            technology at a power less than or equal to P_cmax2.    -   2. The method of the previous embodiment, wherein performing the        transmission in the first radio access node comprises        transmitting a physical channel.    -   3. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein        performing the transmission in the second radio access node        comprises transmitting a physical channel.    -   4. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the        physical channel is a PUCCH, PUSCH, or PRACH.    -   5. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein        performing the transmission in the first radio access node        comprises transmitting a signal.    -   6. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein        performing the transmission in the second radio access node        comprises transmitting a signal.    -   7. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the        signal is a sounding reference signal (SRS).    -   8. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein        P_cmax1 is determined based on one or more of the following:        -   a power class value that the wireless device indicates to            the network as part of wireless device capability signaling            (P_powerclass);        -   a maximum allowed power value for the first random access            technology (P_RAT1);        -   a first maximum power reduction value (MPR1)        -   a first backoff value (BO1)    -   9. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein        P_cmax2 is determined based on one or more of the following:        -   P_powerclass        -   a maximum allowed power value for the second random access            technology (P_RAT2)        -   a second maximum power reduction value (MPR2)        -   a second backoff value (BO2)        -   P_cmax1        -   MPR1        -   BO1    -   10. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein        P_cmax1 is determined based at least in part on MPR1 and/or BO1,        and MPR1 and/or BO1 are determined by the wireless device        assuming there is no transmission on the second radio access        technology regardless of whether the wireless device is        scheduled to transmit on the second radio access technology.    -   11. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein        P_cmax2 is determined based at least in part on MPR2 and/or BO2,        and MPR2 and/or BO2 are determined by the wireless device by        considering transmissions scheduled for both the first radio        technology and the second radio access technology.    -   12. The method of any embodiments 1-10, wherein P_cmax2 is        determined based at least in part on:        -   a. at least one of MPR2 and/or BO2, and        -   b. at least one of MPR1, BO1, and/or P_cmax;        -   wherein MPR2 and/or BO2 are determined by the wireless            device assuming there is no transmission on the first radio            access technology regardless of whether the wireless device            is scheduled to transmit on the first radio technology.    -   13. The method of any embodiments 1-10, wherein P_cmax2 is        determined based at least in part on the transmission power of        ongoing transmission(s) on the first radio access technology.    -   14. The method of any embodiments 1-10, wherein P_cmax2 is lower        than P_RAT2 and P-cmax2 is lower than P_cmax1.    -   15. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the        first radio access technology is Long Term Evolution (LTE) and        the second radio access technology is New Radio (NR).    -   16. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein        determining P_cmax1 comprises determining a lower bound and an        upper bound for P_cmax1 and using a value that is within these        bounds.    -   17. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein        determining P_cmax2 comprises determining a lower bound and an        upper bound for P_cmax2 and using a value that is within these        bounds.    -   18. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein the        transmission performed in the first radio access technology and        the transmission performed in the second radio access technology        are both bounded by P_cmax2.    -   19. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein MPR1        is based on number and position of resource blocks allocated for        transmissions corresponding only to the LTE radio access        technology.    -   20. The method of any of the previous embodiments, wherein MPR2        is based on number and position of resource blocks allocated for        transmissions corresponding to the NR radio access technology        and also based on number and position of resource blocks        allocated for transmissions corresponding to the LTE radio        access technology.    -   21. The method of any of embodiments 1-19, wherein MPR2 is based        on number and position of resource blocks allocated for        transmissions corresponding only to the NR radio access        technology.    -   22. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further        comprising:        -   determining a first configured maximum transmit power value            per carrier (P_cmax1,c) for transmitting in a respective            carrier of the first radio access technology;        -   performing a transmission in a carrier of the first radio            access technology at a power less than or equal to the            respective P_cmax1,c.    -   23. The method of the previous embodiment, wherein P_cmax1 is:        -   greater than or equal to P_cmax_L, wherein P_cmax L equals            MIN {10 log 10ΣMIN [pEMAX,c, pPowerClass/(x−mpr,c)],            PPowerClass}; and        -   less than or equal to P_cmax_H, wherein P_cmax_H equals            MIN{10 log 10 ΣpEMAX,c, PPowerClass}.    -   24. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further        comprising:        -   determining a second configured maximum transmit power value            per carrier (P_cmax2,c) for transmitting in a respective            carrier of the second radio access technology;        -   performing a transmission in a carrier of the second radio            access technology at a power less than or equal to the            respective P_cmax2,c.    -   25. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further        comprising:        -   providing user data; and        -   forwarding the user data to a host computer via the            transmission to the base station.

Group B Embodiments

-   -   26. A method performed by a base station, the method comprising:        -   determining a configuration for an indicator that indicates            whether, when a wireless device is determining a first            configured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax1) for a            first radio access technology, the wireless device is to            consider transmissions scheduled for both the first radio            access technology and a second radio access technology.        -   sending the indicator to the wireless device.    -   27. A method performed by a base station, the method comprising:        -   sending information to a wireless device from which the            wireless derives a first configured maximum transmit power            value (P_cmax1) for transmitting in a first radio access            technology and a second configured maximum transmit power            value (P_cmax2) for transmitting in a second radio access            technology.    -   28. The method of any of the previous embodiments, further        comprising:        -   obtaining user data; and        -   forwarding the user data to a host computer or a wireless            device.

Group C Embodiments

-   -   29. A wireless device for performing transmissions, the wireless        device comprising:        -   processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps            of any of the Group A embodiments; and        -   power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the            wireless device.    -   30. A base station, the base station comprising:        -   processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps            of any of the Group B embodiments;        -   power supply circuitry configured to supply power to the            wireless device.    -   31. A user equipment (UE) for performing transmissions, the UE        comprising:        -   an antenna configured to send and receive wireless signals;        -   radio front-end circuitry connected to the antenna and to            processing circuitry, and configured to condition signals            communicated between the antenna and the processing            circuitry;        -   the processing circuitry being configured to perform any of            the steps of any of the Group A embodiments;        -   an input interface connected to the processing circuitry and            configured to allow input of information into the UE to be            processed by the processing circuitry;        -   an output interface connected to the processing circuitry            and configured to output information from the UE that has            been processed by the processing circuitry; and        -   a battery connected to the processing circuitry and            configured to supply power to the UE.    -   32. A communication system including a host computer comprising:        -   processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and        -   a communication interface configured to forward the user            data to a cellular network for transmission to a user            equipment (UE),        -   wherein the cellular network comprises a base station having            a radio interface and processing circuitry, the base            station's processing circuitry configured to perform any of            the steps of any of the Group B embodiments.    -   33. The communication system of the pervious embodiment further        including the base station.    -   34. The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments,        further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to        communicate with the base station.    -   35. The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments,        wherein:        -   the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured            to execute a host application, thereby providing the user            data; and        -   the UE comprises processing circuitry configured to execute            a client application associated with the host application.    -   36. A method implemented in a communication system including a        host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the        method comprising:        -   at the host computer, providing user data; and        -   at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the            user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the            base station, wherein the base station performs any of the            steps of any of the Group B embodiments.    -   37. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising,        at the base station, transmitting the user data.    -   38. The method of the previous 2 embodiments, wherein the user        data is provided at the host computer by executing a host        application, the method further comprising, at the UE, executing        a client application associated with the host application.    -   39. A user equipment (UE) configured to communicate with a base        station, the UE comprising a radio interface and processing        circuitry configured to performs the of the previous 3        embodiments.    -   40. A communication system including a host computer comprising:        -   processing circuitry configured to provide user data; and        -   a communication interface configured to forward user data to            a cellular network for transmission to a user equipment            (UE),        -   wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing            circuitry, the UE's components configured to perform any of            the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.    -   41. The communication system of the previous embodiment, wherein        the cellular network further includes a base station configured        to communicate with the UE.    -   42. The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments,        wherein:        -   the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured            to execute a host application, thereby providing the user            data; and        -   the UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a            client application associated with the host application.    -   43. A method implemented in a communication system including a        host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the        method comprising:        -   at the host computer, providing user data; and        -   at the host computer, initiating a transmission carrying the            user data to the UE via a cellular network comprising the            base station, wherein the UE performs any of the steps of            any of the Group A embodiments.    -   44. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at        the UE, receiving the user data from the base station.    -   45. A communication system including a host computer comprising:        -   communication interface configured to receive user data            originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE)            to a base station,        -   wherein the UE comprises a radio interface and processing            circuitry, the UE's processing circuitry configured to            perform any of the steps of any of the Group A embodiments.    -   46. The communication system of the previous embodiment, further        including the UE.    -   47. The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments,        further including the base station, wherein the base station        comprises a radio interface configured to communicate with the        UE and a communication interface configured to forward to the        host computer the user data carried by a transmission from the        UE to the base station.    -   48. The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments,        wherein:        -   the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured            to execute a host application; and        -   the UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a            client application associated with the host application,            thereby providing the user data.    -   49. The communication system of the previous 4 embodiments,        wherein:        -   the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured            to execute a host application, thereby providing request            data; and        -   the UE's processing circuitry is configured to execute a            client application associated with the host application,            thereby providing the user data in response to the request            data.    -   50. A method implemented in a communication system including a        host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the        method comprising:        -   at the host computer, receiving user data transmitted to the            base station from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the            steps of any of the Group A embodiments.    -   51. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising,        at the UE, providing the user data to the base station.    -   52. The method of the previous 2 embodiments, further        comprising:        -   at the UE, executing a client application, thereby providing            the user data to be transmitted; and        -   at the host computer, executing a host application            associated with the client application.    -   53. The method of the previous 3 embodiments, further        comprising:        -   at the UE, executing a client application; and        -   at the UE, receiving input data to the client application,            the input data being provided at the host computer by            executing a host application associated with the client            application,        -   wherein the user data to be transmitted is provided by the            client application in response to the input data.    -   54. A communication system including a host computer comprising        a communication interface configured to receive user data        originating from a transmission from a user equipment (UE) to a        base station, wherein the base station comprises a radio        interface and processing circuitry, the base station's        processing circuitry configured to perform any of the steps of        any of the Group B embodiments.    -   55. The communication system of the previous embodiment further        including the base station.    -   56. The communication system of the previous 2 embodiments,        further including the UE, wherein the UE is configured to        communicate with the base station.    -   57. The communication system of the previous 3 embodiments,        wherein:        -   the processing circuitry of the host computer is configured            to execute a host application;        -   the UE is configured to execute a client application            associated with the host application, thereby providing the            user data to be received by the host computer.    -   58. A method implemented in a communication system including a        host computer, a base station and a user equipment (UE), the        method comprising:        -   at the host computer, receiving, from the base station, user            data originating from a transmission which the base station            has received from the UE, wherein the UE performs any of the            steps of any of the Group A embodiments.    -   59. The method of the previous embodiment, further comprising at        the base station, receiving the user data from the UE.    -   60. The method of the previous 2 embodiments, further comprising        at the base station, initiating a transmission of the received        user data to the host computer.

FIG. 12 illustrates another example method 1200 for use in a wirelessdevice. At step 1210, a first configured maximum transmit power value(P_cmax1) may be determined for transmitting in a first RAT. The P_cmax1is determined based on one or more transmissions of the first RAT. Insome embodiments, P_cmax1 is based on at least a first maximum powerreduction value (MPR1), which is determined based on a number ofresource blocks allocated for transmissions of the first RAT. In someembodiments, MPR1 is further based on the positions of resources blocksallocated for the transmissions of the first RAT. In some embodiments,MPR1 is based on the numbers and/or positions of resource blocksallocated for transmissions of only the first RAT.

At step 1220, a second configured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax2)may be determined for transmitting in a second RAT. The P_cmax2 isdetermined based on transmissions of both the first RAT and the secondRAT (e.g., at least one transmission of the first RAT and at least onetransmission of the second RAT). In certain embodiments, P_cmax2 basedon at least a second maximum power reduction value (MPR2), which isdetermined based on the number of resource blocks allocated fortransmissions of both the first RAT and the second RAT (e.g., a numberof resource blocks allocated for transmissions of the first RAT and anumber of resource blocks allocated for transmissions of the secondRAT). In certain embodiments, P_cmax2 is determined based at least inpart on the transmission power of current transmissions on the firstradio access technology. In some embodiments, MPR2 is further based onthe positions of the allocated resource blocks for the first and secondRATs.

In certain embodiments, P_cmax1 and P_cmax2 can be determined based onthe same, partially the same, or different one or more transmissions ofthe first RAT. For example, P_cmax1 can be determined based on one ormore first transmissions of the first RAT and P_cmax2 can be determinedbased on one or more second transmissions of the first RAT, wherein thefirst and second transmission(s) of the first RAT may be the sametransmission(s), may include some of the same transmission(s), and/ornot contain any same transmission(s). This may be useful in ensuringthat the correct transmissions of the first RAT are accounted for ineach determination, i.e., in determining P_cmax1 and P_cmax2. In someembodiments, knowledge of only certain transmissions of the first RATmay be available, so the second transmissions may contain only a subsetof the first transmissions, or vice versa. In some embodiments, thesecond transmissions may be relevant only to the wireless devicetransmitting on the second RAT and the first transmissions relevant totransmitting on the first RAT, e.g., due to interference and/or resourceallocation. In this manner, certain embodiments ensure the flexibilityof the wireless device to use the necessary information to determine themaximum transmit power values for each respective RAT.

In certain embodiments, P_cmax1 and/or P_cmax2 is determined byconsidering transmissions scheduled for both the first RAT and thesecond RAT. Alternatively, in certain embodiments, P_cmax2 is determinedbased on assuming the first RAT has no scheduled transmissionsregardless of whether the wireless device is scheduled to transmit onthe first RAT. Similarly, in certain embodiments, P_cmax1 is determinedbased on assuming the second RAT has no scheduled transmissionsregardless of whether the wireless device is scheduled to transmit onthe second RAT. In this manner, the determination of P_cmax1 and/orP_cmax2 may be configurable based on the type of RATs it is accessingand the capability of the network to coordinate or obtain informationabout scheduling of resources across different RATs.

In certain embodiments, determining one or more of P_cmax1 and P_cmax2includes determining respective lower bounds and upper bounds forP_cmax1 and/or P_cmax2 and using a value with those bounds for P_cmax1and/or P_cmax2, respectively.

In certain embodiments, the first RAT is LTE RAT and second RAT is NewRadio (NR) RAT. In this manner, the wireless device may determinerespective maximum powers for multi-RAT configurations, includingcombinations of LTE and NR RATs.

At step 1230, a transmission is performed in the first RAT at a powerless than or equal to P_cmax1. In certain embodiments, performing thetransmission of the first RAT comprises transmitting a physical channelor signal of the first RAT. The physical channel or signal of the firstRAT may be any one of PUSCH, a PUCCH, a SRS, and a PRACH.

At step 1240, a transmission is performed in the second RAT at a powerless than or equal to P_cmax2. In certain embodiments, performing thetransmission of the second RAT comprises transmitting a physical channelor signal of the second RAT. The physical channel or signal of thesecond RAT is one of a PUSCH, a PUCCH, a PRACH, and an SRS.

Accordingly, method 1200 illustrates a method for use in a wirelessdevice, whereby the wireless device determines maximum transmit powervalues (P_cmax1 and P_cmax2) for respective radio access technologies onwhich the wireless device may be connected or otherwise transmit on.Further, the wireless device may perform transmissions on the respectiveradio access technologies using transmit powers less than or equal tothe determined P_cmax1 and P_cmax2, respectively. As a result, anexample method is provided that addresses one or more of the problemsdiscussed herein and provides one or more of the disclosed advantagesover conventional techniques.

In certain embodiments, a network node to which the wireless device isconnected may determine a configuration for an indicator. The indicatormay indicate whether, when a wireless device is determining a firstconfigured maximum transmit power value (P_cmax1) for a first RAT, thewireless device is to consider transmissions scheduled for both thefirst RAT and a second RAT. The network node may transmit or otherwisesend the indicator to the wireless device. In some embodiments, thenetwork nod further sends information to the wireless device from whichthe wireless derives the P_cmax1 for transmitting in the first RAT andthe P_cmax2 for transmitting in the second RAT. For example, the networknode may transmit information that enables the wireless device to derivetransmission information on the first and/or second RAT, e.g., whattransmissions are scheduled or what transmission are currently beingtransmitted. In this manner, the network may help configure how thewireless device considers transmissions of the second RAT (e.g.,ignoring those transmissions or taking those into account whendetermining P_cmax1) and help provide information used to derive P_cmax1and P_cmax2.

Although the present disclosure has been described with severalembodiments, a myriad of changes, variations, alterations,transformations, and modifications may be suggested to one skilled inthe art, and it is intended that the present disclosure encompass suchchanges, variations, alterations, transformations, and modifications asfall within the scope of the appended claims.

The invention claimed is:
 1. A method performed by a wireless device,the wireless device operating in a first and a second radio accesstechnology (RAT), the method comprising: determining a first transmitpower value for transmitting in the first RAT, the first transmit powervalue determined by the wireless device based at least on a transmissionpower of one or more transmissions scheduled for transmission in a firsttime duration; determining a second transmit power value fortransmitting in a second time duration overlapping with the first timeduration in the second RAT, the second transmit power value determinedbased at least on the first transmit power value and a power class valuefor the wireless device; performing a transmission in the first RAT at apower less than or equal to the first transmit power value in the firsttime duration; and performing a transmission in the second RAT at apower less than or equal to the second transmit power value in thesecond time duration.
 2. The method of claim 1, wherein the firsttransmit power value is further based on at least a first maximum powerreduction value (MPR1), wherein the MPR1 is determined based on a numberof resource blocks allocated for the one or more transmissions of thefirst RAT.
 3. The method of claim 1, wherein the second transmit powervalue is further based on at least a second maximum power reductionvalue (MPR2), wherein the MPR2 is determined based on a number ofresource blocks allocated for the transmissions of both the first RATand the second RAT.
 4. The method of claim 1, wherein: performing thetransmission in the first RAT comprises transmitting a physical channelor signal of the first RAT, wherein the physical channel or signal ofthe first RAT is one of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), aPhysical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Sounding Reference Signal(SRS), and a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH); and performing thetransmission in the second RAT comprises transmitting a physical channelor signal of the second RAT, wherein the physical channel or signal ofthe second RAT is one of a PUSCH, a PUCCH, a PRACH, and an SRS.
 5. Themethod of claim 1, wherein the first transmit power value is bounded byone or more of the following: the power class value for the wirelessdevice; a maximum allowed power value for the first radio accesstechnology (P_RAT1); a first maximum power reduction value (MPR1);and/or a first backoff value (BO1).
 6. The method of claim 5, whereinthe second transmit power value is bounded by one or more of thefollowing: a maximum allowed power value for the second radio accesstechnology (P_RAT2); a second maximum power reduction value (MPR2); asecond backoff value (BO2); the MPR1; and/or the BO1.
 7. The method ofclaim 6, wherein the second transmit power value is determined based atleast in part on the MPR2 and/or the BO2, and the MPR2 and/or the BO2are determined by the wireless device by considering transmissionsscheduled for both the first RAT and the second RAT.
 8. The method ofclaim 5, wherein the first transmit power value is determined based atleast in part on the MPR1 and/or the BO1, and the MPR1 and/or the BO1are determined by the wireless device based on the second RAT having noscheduled transmissions regardless of whether the wireless device isscheduled to transmit on the second RAT.
 9. The method of claim 1,wherein the powers of the transmission performed in the first RAT andthe transmission performed in the second RAT are both bounded based onthe second transmit power value.
 10. The method of claim 1, wherein thefirst transmit power value is further based on at least a first maximumpower reduction value (MPR1), wherein the MPR1 is determined based on anumber of resource blocks and positions of the resource blocks allocatedfor the one or more transmissions of the first RAT.
 11. The method ofclaim 1, wherein the second transmit power value is further based on atleast a second maximum power reduction value (MPR2), wherein the MPR2 isdetermined based on a number of resource blocks and positions of theresource blocks allocated for the transmissions of both the first RATand the second RAT.
 12. The method of claim 1 wherein the wirelessdevice indicates the power class value to the network as part ofwireless device capability signaling (P_powerclass).
 13. The method ofclaim 1 wherein the second transmit power value is less than or equal toa total configured maximum output power for the wireless device in thesecond time duration minus the first transmit power value.
 14. Awireless device configured to operate in a first and a second radioaccess technology (RAT), the wireless device comprising: a memoryconfigured to store instructions; and processing circuitry configured toexecute the instructions; wherein the wireless device is configured to:determine a first transmit power value for transmitting in the firstRAT, the first transmit power value determined by the wireless devicebased at least on a transmission power of one or more transmissionsscheduled for transmission in a first time duration; determine a secondtransmit power value for transmitting in a second time durationoverlapping with the first time duration in the second RAT, the secondtransmit power value being determined based at least on the firsttransmit power value and a power class value for the wireless device;perform a transmission in the first RAT at a power less than or equal tothe first transmit power value in the first time duration; and perform atransmission in the second RAT at a power less than or equal to thesecond transmit power value in the second time duration.
 15. Thewireless device of claim 14, wherein the first transmit power value isfurther based on at least a first maximum power reduction value (MPR1),wherein the MPR1 is determined based on a number of resource blocksallocated for the one or more transmissions of the first RAT.
 16. Thewireless device of claim 14, wherein the second transmit power value isfurther based on at least a second maximum power reduction value (MPR2),wherein MPR2 is determined based on the number of resource blocksallocated for the transmissions of both the first RAT and the secondRAT.
 17. The wireless device of claim 14, wherein: performing thetransmission in the first RAT comprises transmitting a physical channelor signal of the first RAT, wherein the physical channel or signal ofthe first RAT is one of a Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH), aPhysical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), a Sounding Reference Signal(SRS), and a Physical Random Access Chanel (PRACH); and performing thetransmission in the second RAT comprises transmitting a physical channelor signal of the second RAT, wherein the physical channel or signal ofthe second RAT is one of a PUSCH, a PUCCH, a PRACH, and an SRS.
 18. Thewireless device of claim 14, wherein the first transmit power value isbounded by one or more of the following: the power class value for thewireless device; a maximum allowed power value for the first radioaccess technology (P_RAT1); a first maximum power reduction value(MPR1); and/or a first backoff value (BO1).
 19. The wireless device ofclaim 18, wherein the second transmit power value is bounded by one ormore of the following: a maximum allowed power value for the secondradio access technology (P_RAT2); a second maximum power reduction value(MPR2); a second backoff value (BO2); the MPR1; and/or the BO1.
 20. Thewireless device of claim 19, wherein the second transmit power value isdetermined based at least in part on the MPR2 and/or the BO2, and theMPR2 and/or the BO2 are determined by the wireless device by consideringtransmissions scheduled for both the first RAT and the second RAT. 21.The wireless device of claim 18, wherein the first transmit power valueis determined based at least in part on the MPR1 and/or the BO1, and theMPR1 and/or the BO1 are determined by the wireless device based on thesecond RAT having no scheduled transmissions regardless of whether thewireless device is scheduled to transmit on the second RAT.
 22. Thewireless device of claim 14, wherein the powers of the transmissionperformed in the first RAT and the transmission performed in the secondRAT are both bounded based on the second transmit power value.
 23. Thewireless device of claim 14, wherein the first transmit power value isfurther based on at least a first maximum power reduction value (MPR1),wherein the MPR1 is determined based on a number of resource blocks andpositions of the resource blocks allocated for the one or moretransmissions of the first RAT.
 24. The wireless device of claim 14,wherein the second transmit power value is further based on at least asecond maximum power reduction value (MPR2), wherein the MPR2 isdetermined based on a number of resource blocks and positions of theresource blocks allocated for the transmissions of both the first RATand the second RAT.
 25. A computer program product for use in a wirelessdevice capable of operating in a first and a second radio accesstechnology (RAT), the computer program product comprising anon-transitory computer readable medium storing computer readableprogram code, the computer readable program code comprises: program codefor determining a first transmit power value for transmitting in thefirst RAT, the first transmit power value determined by the wirelessdevice based at least on a transmission power of one or moretransmissions scheduled for transmission in a first time duration;program code for determining a second transmit power value fortransmitting in a second time duration overlapping with the first timeduration in the second RAT, the second transmit power value beingdetermined based at least on the first transmit power value and a powerclass value for the wireless device; program code for performing atransmission in the first RAT at a power less than or equal to the firsttransmit power value in the first time duration; and program code forperforming a transmission in the second RAT at a power less than orequal to the second transmit power value in the second time duration.